Lung Disease Biography
(Source google.com)
Some babies are born with
problems with their lungs, called congenital lung abnormalities or birth
defects. They form as the result of something going wrong with the development
of the baby’s lungs during pregnancy. It is important to keep in mind that
these malformations are rare. Lung problems may be suspected if
signs of respiratory distress, such as increased breathing rate, grunting, or a
bluish tint to the skin, are present but unexplained in a newborn baby. X-rays
and other imaging techniques may be used to make a diagnosis. These are cysts at the end of the
small airways within the lung. There may be many small cysts, giving the lung a
honeycomb appearance on X-ray, or there may be one or two large cysts. Cysts in
the lung usually drain poorly and cause chronic infections. Most babies with
these cysts have respiratory distress. Surgical removal of the affected lobe is
the treatment. The surgeon will try to remove as little of the remaining
healthy lung tissue as possible. This is a malformation of the
diaphragm, which separates the chest from the abdomen. Usually with this
condition, the diaphragm either is missing or has a hole in it. As a result,
the organs in the abdomen – the stomach, liver, and so on – can drift into the
chest cavity, leaving little room for the lungs to expand during breathing.
Repair of the diaphragm is accomplished with surgery. Genentech BioOncology is
dedicated to advancing the science of lung cancer therapy through comprehensive
research and education. Lung cancers typically arise from epithelial linings of
air passages.1 The presence of lung tumors may be confirmed from a variety of
sources, including the sputum, pleural fluid, or other lung samples.2 Depending
upon the cellular morphology under a microscope, lung cancer is broadly divided
into 2 main types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC).
Types of Lung Cancer, SCLC:
Approximately 13% of lung cancers belong to the SCLC category. This type of
lung cancer is a more aggressive form of the disease and tends to spread
quickly2 NSCLC: A vast majority of lung cancers (≈87%) belong to the NSCLC
category.2 Based on histologic features, NSCLC is further divided into 3 main
subtypes, namely adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell
carcinoma2 Squamous cell carcinomas typically arise from thin, flat squamous
cells; in contrast, adenocarcinomas arise from mucus-secreting cells that line
the alveoli1 Lung Cancer Demographic Statistics This is a malformation that
causes overinflation of one of the lobes of the lungs. This becomes a problem
because the overinflated lung takes up more space than it should and therefore
interferes with the regular inflation of the rest of the lung. Surgery is the
treatment for this condition. Pulmonary hypoplasia This is an
underdevelopment of the alveoli, airways, and blood vessels in the lung. There
is a spectrum of severity of this abnormality. Babies born with this condition
may need to be put on a ventilator. They may need to be given a substance
called surfactant, which is a foamy, fatty liquid required to keep the air sacs
open so that the baby can breathe. Pulmonary hypoplasia is most often
associated with premature rupture of the fetal membranes before the 24th week
of pregnancy. This is an area of lung tissue
that is not connected to the airways of the lung. This extra lung tissue has no
function. The abnormality may be within or outside the lung. A pulmonary
sequestration may cause breathing problems, or there may not be any symptoms at
all. Surgery may be required to remove a pulmonary sequestration.
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