Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Biography

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In the images, the thoracic and abdominal cavities that we dissected last week were re-opened, and the pericardium, fat, and connective tissue were removed to expose blood vessels. The blood vessels were injected with colored latex through two vessels in the neck. The arterial system was injected with pink latex through the carotid artery. The pink latex flows back into the aorta and from there in both directions, toward the heart and away from it, and along all the branches of the aorta. The pink latex doesn't normally flow through the heart and into the pulmonary arteries. Do you know why? The venous system was injected with blue latex through the external jugular vein, and travels back through the brachiocephalic vein into the anterior vena cava and then into the right atrium. In most specimens the coloring will also move through the right atrium into the posterior vena cava and its branches. Please note that this is not the path blood would have followed in life.
The mammalian heart consists of four chambers, a right and a left ventricle and a right and a left atrium; each atrium bears an ear-shaped appendage called the auricle. These are the dark flaps on the anterior end of the heart. In the next image the animal is rotated, so its head is oriented toward the left. In this image the ventricals are lifted forward. The large vein entering the right atrium anteriorly is the cranial or anterior vena cava. This major vein drains the head, neck, and arms. The caudal, or posterior vena cava perforates the diaphragm and enters the right atrium posteriorly. This vessel collects blood returning from the posterior parts of the body.Blood which is returned to the right atrium (not visible because it is under the auricle) of the heart is next pumped into the right ventricle. From the right ventricle blood is pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk (labeled in the previous two images, but best shown in the first). This is the thick, whitish vessel located between the two auricles. If you were to follow the pulmonary trunk, you would find that it bifurcates into two pulmonary arteries which continue to the lungs. In the fetus, part of the pulmonary trunk (the ductus arteriosus), joins the aorta (see below). Blood returns from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins. These are visible in the next image. Blood is pumped from the left atrium into the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps blood through the aorta, whose branches distribute it to the rest of the body. The aorta is a thick vessel just dorsal to the pulmonary trunk.  It is visible in the next image, which shows the heart viewed from the cranial end of the animal.Trace the aorta from the point at which it leaves the left ventricle. The first branch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic trunk. It branches into the right subclavian artery and the right and left common carotid arteries. The subclavian gives off a branch which supplies the shoulder and neck region, then continues as the axillary artery; the continuation of the axillary artery in the arm is the brachial artery. The common carotid arteries supply the head region with oxygenated blood. The left subclavian artery is the next branch (the second) from the aorta. Its branches are similar to the right subclavian.In the next image, the animal has been rotated, and the cranial end is on the right. Here, the diaphragm was cut on the left side, and the abdominal viscera was pushed to the specimen's right. Trace the aorta into the abdominal cavity. Within the abdominal cavity the aorta gives off three unpaired branches which supply the digestive system. The first major branch of the abdominal aorta is the coeliac artery. Various branches of this artery supply blood to the spleen, stomach and liver. The second major unpaired branch is the anterior mesenteric artery, which supplies the small intestine. You may also find the paired renal arteries, which provide blood to the kidneys.In the next image the animal has been rotated again, so that the head is to the left. Find the aorta again, and notice that it gives off several paired branches within the abdominal cavity. The renal arteries supply blood to the kidneys. Testicular or ovarian arteries supply blood to the gonads. At the posterior end of the abdominal cavity the aorta gives rise to the right and left external iliac arteries. Each artery gives off several branches which supply the pelvic muscles and continues into the leg as the femoral artery. Below the point where the external iliacs arise from the aorta, look for two larger arteries, the internal iliac arteries. These give rise to the large umbilical arteries which carry mixed oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to the placenta and then continue downward as the very small internal iliac arteries.

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker

Lung Disorders Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker