Lung Desease Biography
(Source google.com)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes
emphysema, is an example of an obstructive lung disease where the alveolae
rupture, thus causing air to be retained in the lungs and hence limiting the
available space during inhalation. Asthma is an example of an obstructive lung disease (and of
an inflammatory lung disease). It is a disease in which muscles of bronchi
contract, making it difficult for air to reach the lungs. One treatment of
asthma is to use an inhaler which contains a drug to relax muscles of bronchi.
Asthma is a difficulty in breathing causing wheezing due to inflammation of
bronchi and bronchioles, this causes a restriction in the airflow into the
alveoli. Asthma attacks can be brought on by triggers, such as air pollution, tobacco
smoke, factory fumes, cleaning solvents, infections, pollens, dust, foods, cold
air, exercise, chemicals and medications. Triggers are highly individual and
may not be related to allergens. Many asthmatics are not allergic to common
allergens such as mold. Restrictive lung diseases are a category of respiratory
disease characterized by a loss of lung compliance, causing incomplete lung
expansion and increased lung stiffness, such as in infants with respiratory
distress syndrome.
Infections can affect any part of the respiratory system.
They are traditionally divided into upper respiratory tract infections and
lower respiratory tract infections. The most common upper respiratory tract infection is the
common cold. However, infections of specific organs of the upper respiratory
tract such as sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, pharyngitis and laryngitis
are also considered upper respiratory tract infections. The most common lower respiratory tract infection is
pneumonia, an infection of the lungs which is usually caused by bacteria,
particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae in Western countries. Worldwide,
tuberculosis is an important cause of pneumonia. Other pathogens such as
viruses and fungi can cause pneumonia for example severe acute respiratory
syndrome and pneumocystis pneumonia. A pneumonia may develop complications such
as a lung abscess, a round cavity in the lung caused by the infection, or may
spread to the pleural cavity. Malignant tumors of the respiratory system, particularly
primary carcinomas of the lung, are a major health problem responsible for 15%
of all cancer diagnoses and 30% of all cancer deaths.The majority of
respiratory system cancers are attributable to smoking tobacco. The major
histological types of respiratory system cancer are: In addition, since many cancers spread via the bloodstream
and the entire cardiac output passes through the lungs, it is common for cancer
metastases to occur within the lung. Breast cancer may invade directly through
local spread, and through lymph node metastases. After metastasis to the liver,
colon cancer frequently metastasizes to the lung. Prostate cancer, germ cell
cancer and renal cell carcinoma may also metastasize to the lung. Treatment of
respiratory system cancer depends on the type of cancer. Surgical removal of
part of a lung (lobectomy, segmentectomy, or wedge resection) or of an entire
lung pneumonectomy), along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are all used.
The chance of surviving lung cancer depends on the cancer stage at the time the
cancer is diagnosed, and to some extent on the histology, and is only about
14-17% overall. In the case of metastases to the lung, treatment can occasionally
be curative but only in certain, rare circumstances.
Benign tumors are relatively rare causes of respiratory
disease. Examples of benign tumors are: Pleural cavity diseases include pleural
mesothelioma which are mentioned above. A collection of fluid in the pleural
cavity is known as a pleural effusion. This may be due to fluid shifting from
the bloodstream into the pleural cavity due to conditions such as congestive
heart failure and cirrhosis. It may also be due to inflammation of the pleura itself
as can occur with infection, pulmonary embolus, tuberculosis, mesothelioma and
other conditions. A pneumothorax is a hole in the pleura covering the lung
allowing air in the lung to escape into the pleural cavity. The affected lung
“collapses” like a deflated balloon. A tension pneumothorax is a particularly
severe form of this condition where the air in the pleural cavity cannot
escape, so the pneumothorax keeps getting bigger until it compresses the heart
and blood vessels, leading to a life threatening situation.
Lung Desease Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Desease Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Desease Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
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