Lung Exerciser Biography
(Source google.com)
A spirometer is an apparatus for measuring the volume of air
inspired and expired by the lungs. A spirometer measures ventilation, the
movement of air into and out of the lungs. The spirogram will identify two
different types of abnormal ventilation patterns, obstructive and restrictive.
There are various types of spirometers which use a number of different methods
for measurement (pressure transducers, ultrasonic, water gauge). The earliest
attempt for the measurements of lung volumes can be dated back to period
129-200 A.D. Claudius Galen, who was a Roman doctor and philosopher, first did
a volumetric experiment on human ventilation. He had a boy breathe in and out
of a bladder and found out that the volume did not change. The experiment
proved inconclusive.
1681, Borelli tried to measure the volume of air inspired in
one breath. He assembled a cylindrical tube partially filled with water, with
an open water source entering the bottom of the cylinder. He occluded his
nostrils, inhaled through an outlet at the top of the cylinder and measured the
volume of air displaced by water. This technique is very important in getting
parameters of lung volumes nowadays.
1813, Kentish E used a simple "Pulmometer" to
study the effect of diseases on pulmonary lung volume. He used an inverted
graduated bell jar standing in water, with an outlet at the top of the bell jar
controlled by a tap. The volume of air was measured in units of pints. 1831, Thrackrah C.T described the "Pulmometer"
similar to that of Kentish. He portrayed the device as a bell jar with an
opening for the air to enter from below. There was no correction for pressure.
Therefore, the spirometer not only measured the respiratory volume, but also
the strength of the respiratory muscles. 1845, Vierordt in his book named "Physiologie des
Athmens mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Auscheidung der Kohlensäure" in
which his main interest was to measure the volume of expiration accurately.
However, he also completed accurate measures of other volume parameters by
using his "Expirator". Some of the parameters described by him are
used today which included residual volume and vital capacity. 1846 The water spirometer measuring vital capacity was
developed by a surgeon named John Hutchinson. He invented a calibrated bell, inverted
in water, which was used to capture the volume of air exhaled by a person. John
published his paper about his water spirometer and the measurements he had
taken from over 4,000 subjects, describing the direct relationship between
vital capacity and height and inverse relationship between vital capacity with
age. He also showed that vital capacity does not relate to weight at any given
height. He also used his machine for the prediction of premature mortality. He
coined the term vital capacity, which was claimed as a powerful prognosis for
heart disease by Framingham
study. He believed that his machine should be used as an acturial predictions
for companies selling life insurances.
1854 Wintrich developed a spirometer, which was easier to
use than Hutchinson 's.
He did an experiment with 4,000 experimental subjects, and concluded that there
are 3 parameters affecting vital capacity: body heights, weights and age, which
showed similar results as Hutchinson 's
study. In 1879, Gad J. published a paper named "Pneumatograph" which
allowed the recording of lung volume changes. 1859 E. Smith developed a portable spirometer, on which he
measured gas metabolism. 1866 Salter added a kymograph to the spirometer in order to
record time while obtaining air volumes. T.G. Established in 2012, VKARE BIO SCIENCES Pvt. Ltd. covers the
areas of Healthcare, Biotechnology and beyond. Our organization is dedicated to
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Lung Exerciser Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee
Lung Exerciser Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee
Lung Exerciser Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee
Lung Exerciser Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee
Lung Exerciser Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee
Lung Exerciser Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee
Lung Exerciser Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee
Lung Exerciser Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee
Lung Exerciser Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee
Lung Exerciser Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee
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