Pain In Lungs Biography
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Typical symptoms include a cough,
chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. Diagnostictools include x-rays and
culture of the sputum. Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are
available. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Pneumonia presumed to be
bacterial is treated with antibiotics. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected
person is, in general, admitted to hospital. Pneumonia affects approximately
450 million people globally per year, seven percent of population, and results
in about 4 million deaths, mostly in third-world countries. Although pneumonia
was regarded by William Osler in the 19th century as "the captain of the
men of death", the advent of antibiotic therapy and vaccines in the 20th
century has seen improvements in survival. Nevertheless, in developing
countries, and among the very old, the very young, and the chronically ill,
pneumonia remains a leading cause of death. People with infectious pneumonia
often have a productive cough, fever accompanied byshaking chills, shortness of
breath, sharp or stabbing chest pain during deep breaths, and an increased
respiratory rate. In the elderly, confusion may be the most prominent sign. The
typical signs and symptoms in children under five are fever, cough, and fast or
difficult breathing.Fever is not very specific, as it
occurs in many other common illnesses, and may be absent in those with severe
disease ormalnutrition.
In addition, a cough is frequently absent in children less than 2 months old. More severe signs and symptoms may include: blue-tinged skin, decreased thirst, convulsions, persistent vomiting, extremes of temperature, or a decreased level of consciousness. Bacterial and viral cases of pneumonia usually present with similar symptoms. Some causes are associated with classic, but non-specific, clinical characteristics. Pneumonia caused by Legionella may occur with abdominal pain, diarrhea, or confusion, while pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with rusty colored sputum, and pneumonia caused by Klebsiella may have bloody sputum often described as "currant jelly". Bloody sputum (known as hemoptysis) may also occur with tuberculosis, Gram-negative pneumonia, and lung abscesses as well as more commonly with acute bronchitis. Mycoplasma pneumonia may occur in association with swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, joint pain, or a middle ear infection. Viral pneumonia presents more commonly with wheezing than does bacterial pneumonia. Pneumonia is due to infections caused primarily by bacteria or viruses and less commonly by fungi and parasites. Although there are more than 100 strains of infectious agents identified, only a few are responsible for the majority of the cases. Mixed infections with both viruses and bacteria may occur in up to 45% of infections in children and 15% of infections in adults. A causative agent may not be isolated in approximately half of cases despite careful testing.
In addition, a cough is frequently absent in children less than 2 months old. More severe signs and symptoms may include: blue-tinged skin, decreased thirst, convulsions, persistent vomiting, extremes of temperature, or a decreased level of consciousness. Bacterial and viral cases of pneumonia usually present with similar symptoms. Some causes are associated with classic, but non-specific, clinical characteristics. Pneumonia caused by Legionella may occur with abdominal pain, diarrhea, or confusion, while pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with rusty colored sputum, and pneumonia caused by Klebsiella may have bloody sputum often described as "currant jelly". Bloody sputum (known as hemoptysis) may also occur with tuberculosis, Gram-negative pneumonia, and lung abscesses as well as more commonly with acute bronchitis. Mycoplasma pneumonia may occur in association with swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, joint pain, or a middle ear infection. Viral pneumonia presents more commonly with wheezing than does bacterial pneumonia. Pneumonia is due to infections caused primarily by bacteria or viruses and less commonly by fungi and parasites. Although there are more than 100 strains of infectious agents identified, only a few are responsible for the majority of the cases. Mixed infections with both viruses and bacteria may occur in up to 45% of infections in children and 15% of infections in adults. A causative agent may not be isolated in approximately half of cases despite careful testing.
The term pneumonia is sometimes
more broadly applied to any condition resulting ininflammation of the lungs
(caused for example by autoimmune diseases, chemical burns or drug reactions);
however, this inflammation is more accurately referred to aspneumonitis.
Infective agents were historically divided into "typical" and
"atypical" based on their presumed presentations, but the evidence
has not supported this distinction, thus it is no longer emphasized. Conditions and risk factors that
predispose to pneumonia include: smoking,immunodeficiency, alcoholism, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease. The
use of acid-suppressing medications -such as proton-pump inhibitors or H2
blockers- is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia. The risk is also
increased in old age.
Pain In Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Pain In Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
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