Lung Function Test Biography
(Source google.com)
Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT)
is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history,
physical examinations, chest x-ray examinations, arterial blood gas analysis,
and tests of pulmonary function. The primary purpose of pulmonary function
testing is to identify the severity of pulmonary impairment. Pulmonary function
testing has diagnostic and therapeutic roles and helps clinicians answer some
general questions about patients with lung disease. PFT's are normally
performed by a specialist technician. Pulmonary function testing is a
diagnostic and management tool used for a variety of reasons. Neuromuscular
disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy are associated with gradual loss
of muscle function over time. Involvement of respiratory muscles results in
poor ability to cough and decreased ability to breathe well and leads to
atelectasis (the inability of the lungs to gain oxygen) and an overall
insufficiency in lung strength. A combination of reduced lung compliance caused
by generalized and widespread microatelectasis and chest wall deformity caused
by increased chest wall compliance results in increased work of breathing and
chronic respiratory insufficiency.
Musculoskeletal deformities such as kyphoscoliosis contribute to restrictive
lung disease. Pulmonary function testing in
patients with neuromuscular disorders helps to evaluate the respiratory status
of patients at the time of diagnosis, monitor their progress and course,
evaluate them for possible surgery, and gives an overall idea of the prognosis. Spirometry includes tests of
pulmonary mechanics – measurements of FVC, FEV1, FEF values, forced inspiratory
flow rates (FIFs), and MVV. Measuring pulmonary mechanics assesses the ability
of the lungs to move large volumes of air quickly through the airways to
identify airway obstruction. The measurements taken by the spirometry device
are used to generate a pneumotachograph that can help to assess lung conditions
such as: asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. Physicians may also use the test results to diagnose
bronchial hyperresponsiveness to exercise, cold air, or pharmaceutical agents. Spirometry is a safe procedure;
however, there is cause for concern regarding untoward reactions. The value of
the test data should be weighed against potential hazards. Some complications
have been reported, including pneumothorax, increased intracranial pressure,
syncope, chest pain, paroxysmal coughing, nosocomial infections, oxygen
desaturation, and bronchospasm. '
There are four lung volumes and
four lung capacities. A lung capacity consists of two or more lung volumes. The
lung volumes are tidal volume (VT), inspiratory reserve volume(IRV), expiratory
reserve volume (ERV), and residual volume (RV). The four lung capacities are
total lung capacity (TLC), inspiratory capacity (IC), functional residual
capacity (FRC) and vital capacity (VC). Measurement of maximal inspiratory and
expiratory pressures is indicated whenever there is an unexplained decrease in
vital capacity or respiratory muscle weakness is suspected clinically. Maximal
inspiratory pressure (MIP) is the maximal pressure that can be produced by the
patient trying to inhale through a blocked mouthpiece. Maximal expiratory
pressure (MEP) is the maximal pressure measured during forced expiration (with
cheeks bulging) through a blocked mouthpiece after a full inhalation. Repeated
measurements of MIP and MEP are useful in following the course of patients
withneuromuscular disorders. Professional societies such as
the American Thoracic Society/ European Respiratory Society have published
guidelines regarding conduct and interpretation of pulmonary function testing
to ensure standardization and uniformity in performance of tests. The interpretation
of tests depends on comparing the patients values to published normals from
previous studies. Deviation from guidelines can result in false-positive or
false negative test results. Mohanka MR et. al recently demonstrated that only
a small minority of pulmonary function laboratories followed published
guidelines for spirometry, lung volumes and diffusing capacity in 2012. Ref. A
survey of practices of pulmonary function interpretation in laboratories in
Northeast Ohio Mohanka MR, et al. Chest. 2012;141(4):1040-1046.
Lung Function Test Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Function Test Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Function Test Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Function Test Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Function Test Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Function Test Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Function Test Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Function Test Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Function Test Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Function Test Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Function Test Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
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