Smokers Lungs Biography
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The health effects of smoking are
the circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human
health. Epidemiological research has been focused primarily on cigarette
tobacco smoking, which has been studied more extensively than any other form of
consumption. Tobacco is the single greatest cause of preventable death
globally. Tobacco use leads most commonly to diseases affecting the heart,
liver and lungs, with smoking being a major risk factor for heart attacks,
strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (including emphysema and
chronic bronchitis), and cancer (particularly lung cancer, cancers of the
larynx and mouth, and pancreatic cancer). It also causes peripheral vascular
disease and hypertension. The effects depend on the number of years that a
person smokes and on how much the person smokes. Starting smoking earlier in
life and smoking cigarettes higher in tar increases the risk of these diseases.
Also, environmental tobacco smoke, or secondhand smoke, has been shown to cause
adverse health effects in people of all ages. Cigarettes sold in underdeveloped
countries tend to have higher tar content, and are less likely to be filtered,
potentially increasing vulnerability to tobacco-related disease in these
regions.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that tobacco caused 5.4 million deaths in 2004 and 100 million deaths over the course of the 20th century. Similarly, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describes tobacco use as "the single most important preventable risk to human health in developed countries and an important cause of premature death worldwide." Several countries have taken measures to control the consumption of tobacco with usage and sales restrictions as well as warning messages printed on packaging.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that tobacco caused 5.4 million deaths in 2004 and 100 million deaths over the course of the 20th century. Similarly, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describes tobacco use as "the single most important preventable risk to human health in developed countries and an important cause of premature death worldwide." Several countries have taken measures to control the consumption of tobacco with usage and sales restrictions as well as warning messages printed on packaging.
Smoke contains
several carcinogenic pyrolytic products that bind to DNA and cause many
genetic mutations. There are more than 45 known or suspected chemical
carcinogens in cigarette smoke. Tobacco also contains nicotine, which is
a highly addictive psychoactive drug. When tobacco is smoked, nicotine
causes physical and psychological dependency. Tobacco use is a
significant factor in miscarriages among pregnant smokers, and it
contributes to a number of other threats to the health of the fetus such
as premature births and low birth weight and increases by 1.4 to 3
times the chance for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). The result of
scientific studies done in neonatal rats seems to indicate that exposure
to cigarette smoke in the womb may reduce the fetal brain's ability to
recognize hypoxic conditions, thus increasing the chance of accidental
asphyxiation. Incidence of impotence is approximately 85 percent higher
in male smokers compared to non-smokers, and is a key factor causing
erectile dysfunction (ED). Concern about health effects of tobacco has a
long history. Gideon Lincecum, an American naturalist and practitioner
of botanical medicine, wrote in the early 19th century on tobacco: "This
poisonous plant has been used a great deal as a medicine by the old
school faculty, and thousands have been slain by it. ... It is a very
dangerous article, and use it as you will, it always diminishes the
vital energies in exact proportion to the quantity used - it may be
slowly, but it is very sure."
The late-19th
century invention of automated cigarette-making machinery in the
American South made possible mass production of cigarettes at low cost,
and cigarettes became elegant and fashionable among society men as the
Victorian era gave way to the Edwardian. In 1912, American Dr. Isaac
Adler was the first to strongly suggest that lung cancer is related to
smoking. In 1929, Fritz Lickint of Dresden, Germany, published a formal
statistical evidence of a lung cancer-tobacco link, based on a study
showing that lung cancer sufferers were likely to be smokers. Lickint
also argued that tobacco use was the best way to explain the fact that
lung cancer struck men four or five times more often than women (since
women smoked much less). Prior to World War I, lung cancer was
considered to be a rare disease, which most physicians would never see
during their career. With the postwar rise in popularity of cigarette
smoking, however, came an epidemic of lung cancer. In 1950, Richard Doll
published research in the British Medical Journal showing a close link
between smoking and lung cancer. Four years later, in 1954, the British
Doctors Study, a study of some 40,000 doctors over 20 years, confirmed
the suggestion, based on which the government issued advice that smoking
and lung cancer rates were related The British Doctors Study lasted
until 2001, with results published every ten years and final results
published in 2004 by Doll and Richard Peto. Much early research was also
done by Alton Ochsner. Reader's Digest magazine for many years
published frequent anti-smoking articles. On January 11, 1964, the
United States Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health was
published; this led millions of American smokers to quit, the banning of
certain advertising, and the requirement of warning labels on tobacco
products.
Smokers Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Smokers Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
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Smokers Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Smokers Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Smokers Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Smokers Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Smokers Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Smokers Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
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