Lung Tissue Biography
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In people who have aggressive
personalities, nicotine triggers significant brain activity in the areas that
help control social response, thinking and planning. Ask everyone to wear
nicotine patches and then give them all brain scans. Obtain some interesting
results. Nicotine triggered increased brain activity in the "high"
hostile group -- whether they were smokers or not. (The "high"
hostile smokers did need more nicotine to achieve a response comparable to the
"high" hostile nonsmokers.) By contrast, there were no metabolic
changes in the brain cells of the low-hostility participants. The results
suggest that "high" hostile people respond to nicotine more than
"low" hostile people. Conclusion: In people who have
aggressive personalities, nicotine triggers significant brain activity in the
areas that help control social response, thinking and planning. Comment: Does
this mean that hostile people are more likely to start smoking in the first
place and can be expected to have a harder time if they then decide to quit
smoking, Why are some people hopelessly addicted to cigarettes, while others
seemingly can quit at will? A UC Irvine College of Medicine study reveals for
the first time the underlying brain mechanisms that link personality traits to
nicotine addiction. It has been long established that
hostile personality traits are related to cigarette dependency and smoking
cessation difficulties. Now UCI researchers have found that in people who have
aggressive personalities nicotine triggers significant brain activity in the
areas that help control social response, thinking and planning. In turn,
non-hostile people showed no brain activity increases at all to nicotine. These
findings suggest that some people are born with a predisposition to cigarette
addiction and helps explain why quitting for some is practically impossible.
"We call this brain response
a 'born to smoke' pattern," said study leader Dr. Steven Potkin, professor
of psychiatry and human behavior. "Based on these dramatic brain responses
to nicotine, if you have hostile, aggressive personality traits, in all
likelihood, you have a predisposition to cigarette addiction without ever
having even touched a cigarette." Study results appeared in the January
issue of Cognitive Brain Research. Potkin and Dr. James H. Fallon, professor of
anatomy and neurobiology, gave study subjects standard psychiatric personality
exams and separated them into two groups - those with high-hostility
personality traits, which are marked by anger, aggression and anxiety, and
those with low-hostility traits. Both groups included smokers and non-smokers.
The groups were given nicotine patches of strengths of 3.5 or 21 milligrams, or
placebo, and later subjected to PET scans to see if the nicotine triggered any
responses in brain metabolism of glucose energy.
While the PET scans showed no
metabolic changes in the low-hostility subjects, nicotine induced dramatic
metabolic responses in the high-hostility group individuals in the limbic
system and the cortical and subcortical sectors of the brain. Among members of
the high-hostility group, smokers showed a metabolic reaction only to the more
powerful 21 milligram nicotine patch, while non-smokers reacted to both
patches. The fact that non-smokers in the
high-hostility group showed a significant metabolic response to nicotine
provides the first biological evidence that people with high-hostility
personalities are likely to become dependent on cigarettes because of their
brains' strong response to nicotine, said Potkin. "In turn, this might also
help explain why other people have no compelling drive to smoke or can quit
smoking with relative ease," he added. Potkin and his fellow UCI
researchers are continuing their nicotine-PET scan study, looking into the role
that gender and other traits may play in cigarette addiction. David Keator, James Mbogori and
Jessica Turner of the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at UCI
assisted with the study. It was funded by grants from the National Institutes
of Health to the UCI
Transdisciplinary Tobacco Research
Use Center
Lung Tissue Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Tissue Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Tissue Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Lung Tissue Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
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