Heart And Lungs Biography
(Source google.com)
A
heart–lung transplant is a procedure carried out to replace both heart
and lungs in a single operation. Due to a shortage of suitable donors,
it is a rare procedure; only about a hundred such transplants are
performed each year in the USA. Most candidates for heart–lung
transplants have life-threatening damage to both their heart and lungs.
In the US, most prospective candidates have between twelve and
twenty-four months to live. At any one time, there are about 250 people
registered for heart–lung transplantation at the United Network for
Organ Sharing (UNOS) in the USA, of which around forty will die before a
suitable donor is found. Conditions which may necessitate a heart–lung
transplant include: Dr. Norman Shumway laid the groundwork for heart
lung transplantation with his experiments into heart transplantation at
Stanford in the mid 1960s. Shumway conducted the first adult heart
transplant in the US in 1968. Building on his research at Stanford, Dr.
Bruce Reitz performed the first successful heart–lung transplant on Mary
Gohlke in 1981 at Stanford Hospital. The transplant team at Stanford is
the longest continuously active team performing these transplants. The
patient is anesthetised. When the donor organs arrive, they are checked
for fitness; if any organs show signs of damage, they are discarded and
the operation cancelled. Some patients are concerned that their organs
will be removed and the donor organs won't be suitable. Since this is a
possibility, it is standard procedure that the patient is not operated
on until the donor organs arrive and are judged suitable, despite the
time delay this involves. Once suitable donor organs are present, the
surgeon makes an incision starting above and finishing below the
sternum, cutting all the way to the bone. The skin edges are retracted
to expose the sternum. Using a bone saw, the sternum is cut down the
middle. Rib spreaders are inserted in the cut, and spread the ribs to
give access to the heart and lungs of the patient.
The patient is connected to a heart–lung machine, which circulates and oxygenates blood. The surgeon removes the failing heart and lungs. Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels as close as possible to the heart to leave room for trimming, especially if the donor heart is of a different size than the original organ. The donor heart and lungs are positioned and sewn into place. As the donor organs warm up to body temperature, the lungs begin to inflate. The heart may fibrillate at first – this occurs because the cardiac muscle fibres are not contracting synchronously. Internal paddles can be used to apply a small electric shock rgans are present, the surgeon makes an incision starting above and finishing below the sternum, cutting all the way to the bone. The skin edges are retracted to expose the sternum. Using a bone saw, the sternum is cut down the middle. Rib spreaders are inserted in the cut, and spread the ribs to give access to the heart and lungs of the patient. The patient is connected to a heart–lung machine, which circulates and oxygenates blood. The surgeon removes the failing heart and lungs. The heart to restore proper rhythm. Once the donor organs are functioning normally, the heart–lung machine is withdrawn, and the chest is closed. Most patients spend several days in intensive care after the operation. If there are no complications (e.g. infection, rejection), some are able to return home after just two weeks in hospital. Patients will be given anti-rejection drugs, and antibiotics to prevent infection. A schedule of frequent follow up visits is necessary. The success rate of heart–lung transplants has improved a lot in recent years. The British National Health Service states that the survival rate is now around 85%, one year after the transplant was performed. In 2004, there were only 39 heart–lung transplants performed in the entire United States and only 75 worldwide. By comparison, in that same year there were 2,016 heart and 1,173 lung transplants.
The patient is connected to a heart–lung machine, which circulates and oxygenates blood. The surgeon removes the failing heart and lungs. Most surgeons endeavour to cut blood vessels as close as possible to the heart to leave room for trimming, especially if the donor heart is of a different size than the original organ. The donor heart and lungs are positioned and sewn into place. As the donor organs warm up to body temperature, the lungs begin to inflate. The heart may fibrillate at first – this occurs because the cardiac muscle fibres are not contracting synchronously. Internal paddles can be used to apply a small electric shock rgans are present, the surgeon makes an incision starting above and finishing below the sternum, cutting all the way to the bone. The skin edges are retracted to expose the sternum. Using a bone saw, the sternum is cut down the middle. Rib spreaders are inserted in the cut, and spread the ribs to give access to the heart and lungs of the patient. The patient is connected to a heart–lung machine, which circulates and oxygenates blood. The surgeon removes the failing heart and lungs. The heart to restore proper rhythm. Once the donor organs are functioning normally, the heart–lung machine is withdrawn, and the chest is closed. Most patients spend several days in intensive care after the operation. If there are no complications (e.g. infection, rejection), some are able to return home after just two weeks in hospital. Patients will be given anti-rejection drugs, and antibiotics to prevent infection. A schedule of frequent follow up visits is necessary. The success rate of heart–lung transplants has improved a lot in recent years. The British National Health Service states that the survival rate is now around 85%, one year after the transplant was performed. In 2004, there were only 39 heart–lung transplants performed in the entire United States and only 75 worldwide. By comparison, in that same year there were 2,016 heart and 1,173 lung transplants.
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Heart And Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Heart And Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Heart And Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Heart And Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Heart And Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Heart And Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Heart And Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Heart And Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Heart And Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Heart And Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
Heart And Lungs Lungs Diagram of a Smoker after Smoking Cancer Anatomy And Heart Drawing Images AFter Smoking Wee of a Weed Smoker
